Создание динамических категорий и подкатегорий в Laravel 7/8

В этой статье мы будем рассматривать как можно создать динамические категорий и подкатегорий в Laravel.

Table of Contents

Создание модели и миграций к ней

Запустите команду ниже для создания модели Category и миграций к ней.

php artisan make:model Category -m

Эта команда создаст Category.php в каталоге app и файл миграций date_str_create_categories_table.php в каталоге database/migrations.

Замените код в файле date_str_create_categories_table.php на следующий код ниже.

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateCategoriesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->bigIncrements('id');
            $table->integer('parent_id');
            $table->string('name');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('categories');
    }
}

Замените код в Category.php на код который расположен ниже.

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Category extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['parent_id', 'name'];

    public function childs()
    {
    	return $this->hasMany(Category::class, 'parent_id');
    }

    public function parent()
    {
    	return $this->belongsTo(Category::class, 'parent_id');
    }
}

Работа с маршрутами

Добавьте строчку ниже в файл web.php.

Route::resource('categories', 'CategoryController');

Работа с контроллерами

Запустите команду ниже для создания контроллера. Эта команда создаст CategoryController.php в директорий app/Http/Controllers.

php artisan make:controller CategoryController --resource

Замените код в файле CategoryController.php на код ниже:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Category;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Requests\CreateCategoryRequest;

class CategoryController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $categories = Category::all();
        return view('categories.index')->with(compact(['categories']));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        $categories = Category::all();
        return view('categories.create')->with(compact(['categories']));
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $category = new Category;
        $category->name = $request->name;
        $category->parent_id = $request->parent_category ? $request->parent_category : 0;

        if ($category->save() ) {
            return redirect()->route('categories.index')->with(['success' => 'Category added successfully.']);
        }

        return redirect()->back()->with(['fail' => 'Unable to add category.']);
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit(Category $category)
    {
        $categories = Category::all();
        return view('categories.edit')->with(compact(['category', 'categories']));
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(CreateCategoryRequest $request, Category $category)
    {
        $category->name = $request->name;
        $category->parent_id = $request->parent_category ? $request->parent_category : 0;

        if ($category->save() ) {
            return redirect()->route('categories.index')->with(['success' => 'Category successfully updated.']);
        }

        return redirect()->back()->with(['fail' => 'Unable to update category.']);
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy(Category $category)
    {
        if ($category->delete()) {
            return redirect()->back()->with(['success' => 'Category successfully deleted.']);
        }

        return redirect()->back()->with(['fail' => 'Unable to delete category.']);
    }
}

Создание представлений

Сейчас мы собираемся создать файлы представлений.

Создадим master.blade.php в директорий resources/views/layouts и добавим код ниже.

<!doctype html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <title>{{ __('Category') }}</title>

    <!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">

    <!-- jQuery library -->
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

    <!-- Latest compiled JavaScript -->
    <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</head>
<body>
    <ul class="nav justify-content-end">
        <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('categories.index') }}">{{ __('Categories') }}</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
            <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('categories.create') }}">{{ __('Create category') }}</a>
        </li>
    </ul>

    <main class="py-4">
        @yield('content')
    </main>
</body>
</html>

Создайте файл index.blade.php в директорий resources/views/categories и копируйте в него код ниже.

@extends('layouts.master')

@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <div class="row justify-content-center">
        <div class="col-md-10">
            <div class="card">
                <div class="card-header">
                    Categories
                    <a href="{{ route('categories.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary float-right">Create category</a>
                </div>

                <div class="card-body">
                    
                    @include('partials.alerts')

                    <table class="table">
                        <thead>
                            <tr>
                                <th>Category Name</th>
                                <th>Parent Category</th>
                                <th>Actions</th>
                            </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                            @foreach($categories as $category)
                            <tr>
                                <td>{{ $category->name}}</td>
                                <td>
                                    @if ($category->parent)
                                        {{ $category->parent->name}}
                                    @endif
                                </td>
                                <td>
                                    <a href="{{ route('categories.edit', ['category'=> $category->id]) }}" class="btn btn-xs btn-info">Edit</a>
                                    <form action="{{ route('categories.destroy', ['category'=> $category->id]) }}" method="POST" style="display: inline-block;">
                                        @method('DELETE')
                                        @csrf
                                        <button class="btn btn-xs btn-danger">Delete</button>
                                    </form>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                            @endforeach
                        </tbody>
                    </table>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@endsection

Создайте файл create.blade.php в директорий resources/views/categories и добавьте в него код ниже.

@extends('layouts.master')

@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <div class="row justify-content-center">
        <div class="col-md-10">
            <div class="card">
                <div class="card-header">
                    Create Category
                    <a href="{{ route('categories.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary float-right">Create category</a>
                </div>

                <div class="card-body">
                    
                    @include('partials.alerts')

                    <form action="{{ route('categories.store') }}" method="post">
                        {{ csrf_field() }}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="name">Category Name:</label>
                            <input type="name" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="Enter name" name="name">
                            <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('name') }}</span>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="parent_category">Parent Category:</label>
                            <select class="form-control" name="parent_category">
                                <option value="">Select a category</option>
                                @foreach($categories as $category)
                                <option value="{{ $category->id }}">{{ $category->name }}</option>
                                @endforeach
                            </select>
                            <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('parent_category') }}</span>
                        </div>
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@endsection

Создайте файл edit.blade.php в директорий resources/views/categories и добавьте код ниже.

@extends('layouts.master')

@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <div class="row justify-content-center">
        <div class="col-md-10">
            <div class="card">
                <div class="card-header">
                    Edit Category
                    <a href="{{ route('categories.create') }}" class="btn btn-primary float-right">Create category</a>
                </div>

                <div class="card-body">
                    
                    @include('partials.alerts')

                    <form action="{{ route('categories.update', ['category'=>$category->id] ) }}" method="post">
                        {{ csrf_field() }}
                        <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="name">Category Name:</label>
                            <input type="name" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" value="{{ $category->name }}">
                            <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('name') }}</span>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="pwd">Parent Category:</label>
                            <select class="form-control" name="parent_category">
                                <option>Select a category</option>
                                @foreach($categories as $category)
                                <option value="{{ $category->id }}">{{ $category->name }}</option>
                                @endforeach
                            </select>
                            <span class="text-danger">{{ $errors->first('parent_category') }}</span>
                        </div>
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@endsection

Запустите команду php artisan serve и перейдите в строку браузера http://127.0.0.1:8000/categories .

Надеюсь статья поможет вам.